
Linda, with her womanly practicality, says: “That’d be wonderful. Willy imagines that he can make seeds grow in his garden. The temporary optimism at the beginning of Act II is conveyed partly by references to seeds and tools. Two other symbols are used to suggest certain processes in Willy’s consciousness. In this symbol a second aspect of the American Dream is shown to be deceptive and destructive. In Kansas City he had stolen a suit and spent three months in jail. One of the final remarks made by Biff to his father is that the west has offered him total constriction, and not expansive freedom. Miller inverts this particular dream-value in American experience. But now, with the frontiers of the western states having been decided, opportunities are fewer. Traditionally the American western territories suggested a freedom to explore, settle, and make money in a manner impossible in the eastern states or in Europe. Further, the condition of western society has changed since his grand-father’s day. Biff has inherited this urge to wander but lacks the capacity to make money in the process. We may recall that Willy’s father used to start journeying from Boston in the cast, travel and sell his flutes through the Midwest- Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois- and then journey onwards through all the western states. The second symbol, which is specifically American in its connotations, is that of the west.

Cars are an American symbol of individual mobility, freedom, and social status. Two of the symbols used in Death of a Salesman have specifically American connotations. In other words, by their repetition they give form to a play which has abandoned conventional formal arrangement. They are recurrent and thus help to structure the play.

However, in Death of a Salesman, Miller uses symbols with great subtlety and effect. Miller’s earlier play, All My Sons, also used symbols, though these are, for the most part, much cruder and narrower in their implications than the symbols employed by Ibsen. An object was described or a metaphor introduced which had meanings and implications beyond its apparently “realistic” function in the action. Symbolism is a device that uses symbols to represent something beyond the literal meaning. Symbolism in Death of a Salesman Introduction
